The Protection of Interests in Aircraft Objects Act, 2025 · II —

Section 33. (1) of the Convention applies as if the following were added immediately after sub-paragraph ( _

In force · As amended up to 2026-08

CHAPTER II Default remedies, priorities and assignments Article IX Modification of default remedies provisions 1 . In addition to the remedies specified in Chapter III of the Convention, the creditor may, to the extent that the debtor has at any time so agreed and, in the circumstances, specified in that Chapter: (a) procure the de-registration of the aircraft; and (b) procure the export and physical transfer of the aircraft object from the territory in which it is situated. 2 . The creditor shall not exercise the remedies specified in the preceding paragraph without the prior consent in writing of the holder of any registered interest ranking in priority to that of the creditor. 3 . Article 8(3) of the Convention shall not apply to aircraft objects. Any remedy given by the Convention in relation to an aircraft object shall be exercised in a commercially reasonable manner. A remedy shall be deemed to be exercised in a commercially reasonable manner where it is exercised in conformity with a provision of the agreement except where such a provision is manifestly unreasonable. 4 . A chargee giving ten or more working days' prior written notice of a proposed sale or lease to interested persons shall be deemed to satisfy the requirement of providing "reasonable prior notice" specified in Article 8(4) of the Convention. The foregoing shall not prevent a chargee and a chargor or a guarantor from agreeing to a longer period of prior notice. 5 . The registry authority in a Contracting State shall, subject to any applicable safety laws and regulations, honour a request for de-registration and export if: (a) the request is properly submitted by the authorised party under a recorded irrevocable de-registration and export request authorisation; and (b) the authorised party certifies to the registry authority, if required by that authority, that all registered interests ranking in priority to that of the creditor in whose favour the authorisation has been issued have been discharged or that the holders of such interests have consented to the de-registration and export. 6 . A chargee proposing to procure the de-registration and export of an aircraft under paragraph 1 otherwise than pursuant to a court order shall give reasonable prior notice in writing of the proposed de-registration and export to: (a) interested persons specified in Article 1(m)(i) and (ii) of the Convention; and (b) interested persons specified in Article 1(m)(iii) of the Convention who have given notice of their rights to the chargee within a reasonable time prior to the de-registration and export. Article X Modification of provisions regarding relief pending final determination 1 . This Article applies only where a Contracting State has made a declaration under Article XXX(2) and to the extent stated in such declaration. 2 . For the purposes of Article 13(1) of the Convention, "speedy" in the context of obtaining relief means within such number of working days from the date of filing of the application for relief as is specified in a declaration made by the Contracting State in which the application is made. 3 . Article 13(1) of the Convention applies with the following being added immediately after sub-paragraph (d): "(e) if at any time the debtor and the creditor specifically agree, sale and application of proceeds therefrom", and Article 43(2) applies with the insertion after the words "Article 13(1)(d)" of the words "and (e)". 4 . Ownership or any other interest of the debtor passing on a sale under the preceding paragraph is free from any other interest over which the creditor's international interest has priority under the provisions of Article 29 of the Convention. 5 . The creditor and the debtor or any other interested person may agree in writing to exclude the application of Article 13(2) of the Convention. 6 . With regard to the remedies in Article IX(1): (a) they shall be made available by the registry authority and other administrative authorities, as applicable, in a Contracting State no later than five working days after the creditor notifies such authorities that the relief specified in Article IX(1) is granted or, in the case of relief granted by a foreign court, recognised by a court of that Contracting State, and that the creditor is entitled to procure those remedies in accordance with the Convention; and (b) the applicable authorities shall expeditiously co-operate with and assist the creditor in the exercise of such remedies in conformity with the applicable aviation safety laws and regulations. 7 . Paragraphs 2 and 6 shall not affect any applicable aviation safety laws and regulations. Article XI Remedies on insolvency 1 . This Article applies only where a Contracting State that is the primary insolvency jurisdiction has made a declaration pursuant to Article XXX(3). Alternative A 2 . Upon the occurrence of an insolvency-related event, the insolvency administrator or the debtor, as applicable, shall, subject to paragraph 7, give possession of the aircraft object to the creditor no later than the earlier of: (a) the end of the waiting period; and (b) the date on which the creditor would be entitled to possession of the aircraft object if this Article did not apply. 3 . For the purposes of this Article, the "waiting period" shall be the period specified in a declaration of the Contracting State which is the primary insolvency jurisdiction. 4 . References in this Article to the "insolvency administrator" shall be to that person in its official, not in its personal, capacity. 5 . Unless and until the creditor is given the opportunity to take possession under paragraph 2: (a) the insolvency administrator or the debtor, as applicable, shall preserve the aircraft object and maintain it and its value in accordance with the agreement; and (b) the creditor shall be entitled to apply for any other forms of interim relief available under the applicable law. 6 . Sub-paragraph (a) of the preceding paragraph shall not preclude the use of the aircraft object under arrangements designed to preserve the aircraft object and maintain it and its value. 7 . The insolvency administrator or the debtor, as applicable, may retain possession of the aircraft object where, by the time specified in paragraph 2, it has cured all defaults other than a default constituted by the opening of insolvency proceedings and has agreed to perform all future obligations under the agreement. A second waiting period shall not apply in respect of a default in the performance of such future obligations. 8 . With regard to the remedies in Article IX(1): (a) they shall be made available by the registry authority and the administrative authorities in a Contracting State, as applicable, no later than five working days after the date on which the creditor notifies such authorities that it is entitled to procure those remedies in accordance with the Convention; and (b) the applicable authorities shall expeditiously co-operate with and assist the creditor in the exercise of such remedies in conformity with the applicable aviation safety laws and regulations. 9 . No exercise of remedies permitted by the Convention or this Protocol may be prevented or delayed after the date specified in paragraph 2. 10 . No obligations of the debtor under the agreement may be modified without the consent of the creditor. 11 . Nothing in the preceding paragraph shall be construed to affect the authority, if any, of the insolvency administrator under the applicable law to terminate the agreement. 12 . No rights or interests, except for non-consensual rights or interests of a category covered by a declaration pursuant to Article 39(1), shall have priority in insolvency proceedings over registered interests. 13 . The Convention as modified by Article IX of this Protocol shall apply to the exercise of any remedies under this Article. Alternative B 2 . Upon the occurrence of an insolvency-related event, the insolvency administrator or the debtor, as applicable, upon the request of the creditor, shall give notice to the creditor within the time specified in a declaration of a Contracting State pursuant to Article XXX(3) whether it will: (a) cure all defaults other than a default constituted by the opening of insolvency proceedings and agree to perform all future obligations, under the agreement and related transaction documents; or (b) give the creditor the opportunity to take possession of the aircraft object, in accordance with the applicable law. 3 . The applicable law referred to in sub-paragraph (b) of the preceding paragraph may permit the court to require the taking of any additional step or the provision of any additional guarantee. 4 . The creditor shall provide evidence of its claims and proof that its international interest has been registered. 5 . If the insolvency administrator or the debtor, as applicable, does not give notice in conformity with paragraph 2, or when the insolvency administrator or the debtor has declared that it will give the creditor the opportunity to take possession of the aircraft object but fails to do so, the court may permit the creditor to take possession of the aircraft object upon such terms as the court may order and may require the taking of any additional step or the provision of any additional guarantee. 6 . The aircraft object shall not be sold pending a decision by a court regarding the claim and the international interest. Article XII Insolvency assistance 1 . This Article applies only where a Contracting State has made a declaration pursuant to Article XXX(1). 2 . The courts of a Contracting State in which an aircraft object is situated shall, in accordance with the law of the Contracting State, co-operate to the maximum extent possible with foreign courts and foreign insolvency administrators in carrying out the provisions of Article XI. Article XIII De-registration and export request authorisation 1 . This Article applies only where a Contracting State has made a declaration pursuant to Article XXX(1). 2 . Where the debtor has issued an irrevocable de-registration and export request authorisation substantially in the form annexed to this Protocol and has submitted such authorisation for recordation to the registry authority, that authorisation shall be so recorded. 3 . The person in whose favour the authorisation has been issued (the "authorised party") or its certified designee shall be the sole person entitled to exercise the remedies specified in Article IX(1) and may do so only in accordance with the authorisation and applicable aviation safety laws and regulations. Such authorisation may not be revoked by the debtor without the consent in writing of the authorised party. The registry authority shall remove an authorisation from the registry at the request of the authorised party. 4 . The registry authority and other administrative authorities in Contracting States shall expeditiously co-operate with and assist the authorised party in the exercise of the remedies specified in Article IX. Article XIV Modification of priority provisions 1 . A buyer of an aircraft object under a registered sale acquires its interest in that object free from an interest subsequently registered and from an unregistered interest, even if the buyer has actual knowledge of the unregistered interest. 2 . A buyer of an aircraft object acquires its interest in that object subject to an interest registered at the time of its acquisition. 3 . Ownership of or another right or interest in an aircraft engine shall not be affected by its installation on or removal from an aircraft. 4 . Article 29(7) of the Convention applies to an item, other than an object, installed on an airframe, aircraft engine or helicopter. Article XV Modification of assignment provisions Article 33(1) of the Convention applies as if the following were added immediately after sub-paragraph (b): "and (c) the debtor has consented in writing, whether or not the consent is given in advance of the assignment or identifies the assignee.". Article XVI Debtor provisions 1 . In the absence of a default within the meaning of Article 11 of the Convention, the debtor shall be entitled to the quiet possession and use of the object in accordance with the agreement as against: (a) its creditor and the holder of any interest from which the debtor takes free pursuant to Article 29(4) of the Convention or, in the capacity of buyer, Article XIV(1) of this Protocol, unless and to the extent that the debtor has otherwise agreed; and (b) the holder of any interest to which the debtor's right or interest is subject pursuant to Article 29(4) of the Convention or, in the capacity of buyer, Article XIV(2) of this Protocol, but only to the extent, if any, that such holder has agreed. 2 . Nothing in the Convention or this Protocol affects the liability of a creditor for any breach of the agreement under the applicable law in so far as that agreement relates to an aircraft object.

Source: India Code