Section 19. This Act shall apply to factories belonging to the Crown: provided that, in case of any public emerg

19. This Act shall apply to factories belonging to the Crown: provided that, in case of any public emergency, the Governor General in Council or the Local Government may, by an order in writing, exempt any such factory from this Act to such extent and during such period as the Governor General in Council or the Local Government, as the case may be, thinks fit. 19. Crown factories. 292 Factories. [ACT XV ACT No. XV of 1881. PASSED BY THE GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA IN COUNCIL. (Received the assent of the Governor General on the 15th March, 1881.) An Act to regulate labour in Factories. Preamble. WHEREAS it is expedient to regulate labour in factories; It is hereby enacted as follows:— Preliminary. Short title. 1. This Act may be called "The Indian Factories Act, 1881." Local extent. Commencement. It applies to the whole of British India, and shall come into force on the first day of July, 1881. Interpretation-clause. 2. In this Act, unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context,— "factory:" "factory" means any premises (other than indigo-factories or premises situated on, and used solely for the purposes of, a tea or coffee plantation) wherein is carried on, for not less than four months in the whole in any one year, any process for, or incidental to, making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing or otherwise adapting for use, transport or sale, any article or part of an article; and (a) wherein steam, water or other mechanical power is used in aid of any such process; and (b) wherein not less than one hundred persons are on any day simultaneously employed in any manual labour in, or incidental to, any such process; and every part of a factory shall be deemed to be a factory, except any part used exclusively as a dwelling: "child" 1881.] Factories. 193 "child" means a person under the age of twelve "child:" years: "mill-gearing" includes every shaft, whether upright, oblique or horizontal, and every wheel, drum, pulley, rope, driving strap or band, by which the motion of the first moving power is communicated to any machine: a child who works in a factory, whether for wages "employed." or not, either in a manufacturing process or handicraft, or in cleaning any part of the factory used for any manufacturing process or handicraft, or in cleaning or oiling any part of the machinery, or in any other kind of work whatsoever incidental to, or connected with, the manufacturing process or handicraft, or connected with the article made or otherwise the subject of the manufacturing process or handicraft therein, shall be deemed to be employed therein within the meaning of this Act. Inspectors and certifying Surgeons.